Dochula Pass

Prominent Dzongs in Bhutan

The most distinct and important structure in Bhutan, Dzongs (fortresses) are architectural masterpieces that dotted Bhutan. Each Dzongs are built on a site chosen for religious significance.


Jakar Dzong


Bhutan Jakar Dzong
Jakar Yugyal Dzong, commonly known as Jakar Dzong, is situated on a ridge above the Jakar village of Chamkhar valley in Bhumtang.

There are different accounts of the origin of the Dzong. Some believe that the Dzong was built by Lam Ngagi Wang Chuk (1517 - 1554) who came to Bhutan to spread the the teachings of the Drukpa Kagyupa order. It is said that a white bird perched on where Jakar Dzong was situated. This is considered an auspicious sign. According to the oral legend, a group of Lamas and elders were considering moving a fort which was situated at the eastern site of the Bhumtang Valley. As they are sitting down to discuss, a bird, presumed to be the king of geese rose into the air and rested on a spur. The location was subsequently chosen for the present location of Dzong.

The Dzong was attacked thrice by the Tibetan army. In the 17th century, the ruler of Tsang in Tibet, Phuntsho Namgyel, sent an army twice to destroy Zhabdrung. In 1679, the previously defeated chieftain of Bumthang Chokhor, raised a Tibetan army and attacked the Dzong. The defenders sought the help of the protecting deities, Choe Chhong Chamdal Sum. The prayer was answered when the gun mounted on the sills, the legend says, aimed itself towards the enemy camp and fired all by itself, killing two important Tibetan commanders. Since this victory, the Dzong came to be known as Jakar Thobgyal (gyal-vicoty).

The third invasion happened under the reign of the 3rd Desi, Minjur Tenpa. The difficult battle was only won with the arrival additional forces under Lam Ngawang Rabten. After this victory, the Dzong was renamed as 'jakar yugyal Dzong' meaning Vicotrious Fortress of the White Bird. The name jakar and Yugyal were later merged to form the name Jakar Yugyal Dzong

The annual Paro Tshechu is held from the 9th till the 15th of the 2nd month every year. This ceremony was first introduced in 1678 by Tenzin Rabgy. The highlight of the Tshechu is the Thongdol which is believed to deliver from all sins. The Thongdol was built by Lama Nawang and saved from the fire of 1906. The Dzong was consecrated by Zhabdrung Nawang Namgyal and Karma Rigzin Nyingpo, the reincarnation of Terteon Sangay Lingpa.

Paro Dzong


Bhutan Paro Dzong
Paro Dzong is the administrative seat of the district of Paro. The Paro Dzong was built in 1644 under the order of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal. Paro Dzong's full name is Ringpung Dzong, which means 'the fortress of the heap of jewels."

Paro Dzong was founded by Gyelchock. Gyelchock and his brother, Gyelzom, are descendent of Phajo Drugom Zhigpo, the founder of the Drukpa kagyupa School in Bhutan. Gyelzom established the the Gangtakha Monsatery while Gyelchock travelled to Tibet to study theology. Upon Gyelchock's return from Tibet, he was not respected by the community and denounced by this brother because he is considered a pauper or beggar. Gyelchock moved to Humrelkha, a place which took its name from the guardian deity of Paro, Humrel Gyalpo. He built a five-storied tower which would later become the Paro Dzong. It is believed that the the base of the cliff was the La Tsho (soul lake) of the deity Jag Wog Nep. In 1644, Gyelchock, "The Lord of Humrel", relinquished his small fort to zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel

In 1906, during the time of of the 23rd Penlop Dawa Penjor, the Dzong was almost burnt almost to the ground. All important relics were lost to the fire and nothing could be salvaged except for the Thongdrol, a 20x20 metre-wide Thangka. The Thangka is displayed annually during Paro Tshechu.

The annual Paro Tshechu is held from the 9th till the 15th of the 2nd month every year. This ceremony was first introduced in 1678 by Tenzin Rabgy. The highlight of the Tshechu is the Thongdol which is believed to deliver from all sins. The Thongdol was built by Lama Nawang and saved from the fire of 1906. The Dzong was consecrated by Zhabdrung Nawang Namgyal and Karma Rigzin Nyingpo, the reincarnation of Terteon Sangay Lingpa.

Punakha Dzong


Bhutan Punakha Dzong
Punakha dzong was built in 1951 by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel, the founder of Bhutanese state. It was originally names Punthang Dechen Podhrang Dzong which means the Palace of Great Bliss.

Punakha Dong was built on the 8th day and 8th month of the Fire ox year in 1673. The dzong was attacked by the Tibetan in 1639 and 1644. The attacks were successfully repelled by the defenders. To commemorate the victory, a New Year festival was introduced and Yu Gyal Gonkhang Chen Mo, "the great shrine of the protective and victorious lord" was built.

The first King of modern Bhutan was crowned in Punakha Dzong. Punakha Dzong remained the centre of government until it was relocated to Thimphu.

Thimphu Dzong


Bhutan Transhichho Dzong
Known as "fortress of the glorious religion", Traschicho Dzong, or popularly known as Thiphu Dzong, is an impressive structure that houses the Bhutanese government and stand on the right side of the Wangchu (Thimphu) River.

The Dzong originated with the building of Dho-Ngon (Blue Stone) Dzong on a hill above Thimphu River where Dechenphodrang stands by Lama Gyalwa Lhanangpa. On the 17th century, the followers of Lama Gyalwa Lhanangpa were completely crush by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal and the the Dho Ngon Dzong fell into the hands of Zhbdrung.Zhabdrung rebuilt the fortress in 1641 and renamed it Taschicho Dzong (Fortress of the auspicious religion).

In 1694, the Dzong was enlarged by the 4th Desi Tenzin Rabgye. The Dzong caught fire in 1698 and was restored. In 1747, the Dzong was enlarged at the initiative of the 13th Desi, Chogyal sherab Wangchuk. The Dzong caught fire again under the reign of the 16th Desi, Sonam Lhendup, and 13th Je Khenpo, Yonten Thaye. After this fire, the Dzong was relocated to the present location.

His Late Majesty Jigme Dorji wangchuck took the initiative of renovating the Dzong in 1962. The entire Dzong was rebuilt in traditional fashion, without nails or written plans. The overall renovation works were overseen by Zopen Parpa Yodsel. In 1969, the earth Bird year, the Dzong was consecrated by Je Khenpo Thri Zur Thinley Lhendup, and Dorji Lopon Nyizer Tulku.

In the past, the national Assembly met within the Dzong. Today, it houses the secretariat, throne room, and offices of King of Bhutan. The northern portion is the summer residence of the Je Kehnpo and the Central Monastic Body.

Trongsa Dzong


Bhutan Trongsa Dzong
The Tronsa Dzong literally means the Dzong on the tip of a Dungkhar (conch, of the never0changing country of Druk and the everlasting Dharma. Trongsa Dzong is situated overlooking the Mangdechhu River.

Tronsa Dzong was founded by Yingzin Ngagi Wangchuk, a descendant of Ngawang Chogyal and a revered follower of Kuenkhen Pema Karpo. In 1541, he meditated at the village of Yueli in Trongsa, a few kilometers from the present Dzong. During the meditation, he saw lighted buter lamp below the ridge at the present Goenkhang, which houses the guardian deities Palden Lhamo (Mahakali) and Yeshey Goenpo ( Mahakali). Considering the place to be sacred, he built mediation quarters. Once during his meditation in the new quarter, the deity Pelden Lhamo appeared and prophesied that this place would play an important role in spreading the teachings of Buddha. After this incident, Yingzin Ngagi Wangchuk constructed a small temple and named it Mondrupley. Over the years, his decuples built many smaller meditation centers near the Mondrupley temple, which soon began to resemble a small village. The people of Yueli names this new village Trong-sar (new village).

Wangdue Dzong


Bhutan Wangdue Dzong
Zhabdrung Ngawang namgyel was supposedly at Chimi Lhakhang in Punakha when he met a decrepit old man. He described a ridge in the present-day Wangdue Phodrng as a 'sleeping elephant' and told Zhabdrung that he would unite the country by building a Dzong on the 'neck' of the ridge. The Zhabdrung, surmising the old man to be Yeshey Gonpo (Mahakala), took his suggestion and sent forth a noble to study the area. As the emissary drew close to the area, he saw four raves circling above the ridge. Upon reaching the ridge, the birds flew in four directions. On returning to Chimi Lhakhang he made his report. Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel took this as a good omen and immediately set forth in 1638 to constructa Dzong overlooking the convergence of the Dngchu and Punatshangchu.

An interesting story connects the Dzong to the old cantilever bridge that once used to span the Punatsangchu. The bridge was built after the construction of the Dzong under the direction of a famed mason called Drakpa fromRinchengang village. As a safeguard against flashfloods, a mandala dedicated to Mithugpa (Aksobya) was installed at the base of the bridge's foundation. During the tenure of the 20th Wngzop Domchung a big flodd washed way the entire bridge, but the base where the mandala was installed was left intact.

It is said that Dzongpon Domchung organized a tsechu in which the Doley Raksha dance, famed in the region for its aesthetic intricacies, was performed to attract the river spirit who was disrupting the reconstruction of the bridge. As the spirit stayed engrossed in the festivity, Domchung, with several hundred men, sneaked down the river and completed the bridge. The spirit unleashed many floods to bring down the bridge, but the Wangzop, true to his clever character, had a worked design into the foundation pillars to withstand the force of the water.

Wangdue Dzong has 14 temples, including Kunrey (assembly hall of monks). The Goenkhang has a figure of gonpo (Mahakala) carved on a stone slab.
See prominent Dzongs in Bhutan:
Jakar Dzong
Paro Dzong
Punakha Dzong
Thimphu Dzong
Trongsa Dzong
Wangdue Dzong